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The use of blue tit eggs as a biomonitoring tool for organohalogenated pollutants in the European environment |
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| Authors: | Evi Van den Steen Rianne Pinxten Claudio Carere Philipp Heeb Bart Kempenaers Bruno Massa Markku Orell Juan Carlos Senar Marcel Eens |
| Affiliation: | a Laboratory of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium b Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium c Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Dipartimento di Biologia cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy d Section of Ecology, 20014 University of Turku, Finland e CNRS, UPS, EDB (Laboratoire évolution et Diversité Biologique); UMR 5174; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France f Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, PO Box 1564, D-82305 Starnberg (Seewiesen), Germany g Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway h Dipartimento SENFIMIZO (Entomologia, Acarologia, Zoologia), Università di Palermo, V.le Scienze 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy i Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal j Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland k Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain l Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Associate Research Unit, CSIC, Museu Ciencies Naturals, P.Picasso s/n, 08003 Barcelona, Spain m S.R.O.P.U., Via Roberto Crippa 60 D/8, 00125 Rome, Italy n Université de Toulouse; EDB (Laboratoire évolution et Diversité Biologique); UMR 5174; F-31062 Toulouse, France |
| Abstract: | In the present study, large scale geographical variation in the occurrence of organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) was investigated throughout Europe using eggs of a terrestrial resident passerine species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Blue tit eggs from 10 sampling locations, involving suburban, rural and remote areas, in 7 European countries were collected and analysed. Sum polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels ranged from 150 ng/g lipid weight (lw) to 2003 ng/g lw. Sum polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ranged from 3.95 ng/g lw to 114 ng/g lw. As expected, PCB and PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in the sampled suburban locations compared to the rural and remote locations. Sum organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) ranged from 122 ng/g lw to 775 ng/g lw. OCP concentrations were, against the expectations, found to be lower in the rural sampling locations compared to the other locations. Contamination profiles of PCBs, PBDEs and OCPs differed also among the sampling locations, which may be due to local contamination sources. Finally, we compared the results of this study with previously reported OHP concentrations in the eggs of a closely related species, the great tit (Parus major), from the same sampling locations in Europe. We found no differences in concentrations between the species. In addition, we found a significant, positive correlation between the sum PCB concentrations in blue tit eggs and great tit eggs, suggesting similar exposure pathways, mechanisms of accumulation and maternal transfer of PCBs. In conclusion, our results suggest the usefulness of eggs from passerine birds as a biomonitoring tool for OHPs on a large geographical scale. |
| Keywords: | Polychlorinated biphenyls Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Organochlorine pesticides Europe Blue tit Eggs Biomonitoring |
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