Surface chemistry and morphology of the solid electrolyte interphase on silicon nanowire lithium-ion battery anodes |
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Authors: | Candace K Chan Riccardo Ruffo Seung Sae Hong Yi Cui |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States;2. Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States |
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Abstract: | Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have the potential to perform as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with a much higher energy density than graphite. However, there has been little work in understanding the surface chemistry of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on silicon due to the reduction of the electrolyte. Given that a good, passivating SEI layer plays such a crucial role in graphite anodes, we have characterized the surface composition and morphology of the SEI formed on the SiNWs using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have found that the SEI is composed of reduction products similar to that found on graphite electrodes, with Li2CO3 as an important component. Combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the results were used to determine the optimal cycling parameters for good cycling. The role of the native SiO2 as well as the effect of the surface area of the SiNWs on reactivity with the electrolyte were also addressed. |
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Keywords: | Lithium-ion battery Silicon nanowire Solid electrolyte interphase X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
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