自组网中一种基于跨层负载感知的蚁群优化路由协议

将蚁群优化和跨层优化方法结合起来，提出了一种基于跨层负载感知和蚁群优化的路由协议(CLAOR)。协议将整个路径中各节点MAC层的总平均估计时延和节点队列缓存的占用情况结合起来，共同作为路由选择和路由调整的重要度量标准进行按需路由发现和维护，通过拥塞节点丢弃蚂蚁分组以及借助部分兼具蚂蚁功能的数据分组实现正常路由表的维护等方法，减少了控制开销，增加了算法的可扩展性，较好地解决了自组网中现有基于蚁群优化的路由协议中普遍存在的拥塞问题、捷径问题和引入的路由开销问题。仿真结果表明，CLAOR在分组成功递交率、路由开销以及端到端平均时延等方面具有优良性能，能很好地实现网络中的业务流负载均衡。

A cross-layer load-aware based ant-colony optimization routing protocol for ad hoc networks (CLAOR)

In this paper, a cross-layer load-aware based ant-colony optimization routing protocol for ad hoc networks (CLAOR) is presented. CLAOR combines the total path average estimated delay with the buffer occupation ratio of MAC layer as the primary metric for route selection and route adjustment during the on-demand route discovery and route maintenance periods. At the same time, CLAOR makes use of some data packets to implement route maintenance and allow the heavy load nodes to drop the ants, which can endue the protocol with capability of scalability and improve the congestion problem, the shortcut problem and the heavy overheads commonly in existing ant-based routing protocols for ad hoc networks. Simulation results show that CLAOR performs well in decreasing the route overhead and end-to-end delay, and balancing traffic load as well as increasing the packet delivery rate, etc.