地震资料重处理的方法技术

地震资料成像技术的快速发展、同一勘探区块(综合)数据的补全以及油藏勘探目标的变更都需要对地震资料进行重处理。此外,油价下跌导致采集投入削减,也是促进地震资料重处理的重要因素。地震资料重处理是油气勘探开发企业挖潜增效、储量增长的重要手段之一。为此,从数据处理的角度出发,认为地震数据重处理的关键是将新技术、新流程应用于综合信息补充后的数据处理,通过进一步提高构造成像精度、成像保真度、成像分辨率,达到油藏精细刻画的目的,最终提高勘探成功率和勘探效益。提高振幅保真度的重处理对策主要包括:剩余振幅补偿处理、保幅偏移处理和强化保幅量化质量控制。提高信噪比的重处理对策主要包括:保幅去噪、多次波压制、规则化和特殊叠加成像处理。提高分辨率的重处理对策主要包括:子波处理、Q补偿和一致性处理。提高偏移成像精度的重处理对策主要包括:近地表静校正处理、建立高精度速度模型、偏移成像处理和OVT域处理。多期采集资料融合处理的对策主要包括:统一处理网格、面元均化、统一静校正、一致性处理、匹配滤波、规则化处理、统一速度及成像处理。两个地震资料重处理的成果展示了地震资料重处理方法技术的有效性和地震资料重处理的价值。

Seismic data reprocessing

The rapid progress of seismic imaging,the(comprehensive)data completion of the exploration block,and a change in the target of reservoir exploration,all require seismic data reprocessing.Moreover,lower oil prices make oil companies more sensitive to investing in new data acquisition,thereby further promoting the development of seismic data reprocessing.Reprocessing is an important tool to exploit potentialities and increase reserves.Crucial to seismic data reprocessing is the application of new processing techniques which,supported by comprehensive information,can improve the accuracy,fidelity,and resolution of structural imaging,and achieve fine reservoir characterization.Among the techniques that may improve the amplitude fidelity,residual amplitude compensation,amplitude-preserving migration,and quantitative QC can be utilized.To improve the signal-to-noise ratio,techniques such as amplitude-preserving denoising,multiple suppression,regularization,and special stack imaging are available,whereas to improve the resolution,techniques such as deconvolution,Q compensation,and consistency processing should be mentioned.Concerning the improvement of migration accuracy,near-surface static correction,high-precision velocity modeling,migration,and processing in the OVT domain can be implemented.Finally,to merge new and old data,the unified processing grid,bin homogenization,unified static correction,consistency processing,matched filtering,regularization,unified velocity,and imaging processing should be mentioned.By means of two examples of seismic data reprocessing,the value of the proposed techniques of seismic data reprocessing was verified.