无磷有机阻垢剂的性能和作用机理

综述了羧酸盐型聚合物、磺酸盐型聚合物和聚醚型聚合物3种无磷有机阻垢剂对碳酸钙、磷酸钙的阻垢性能和阻垢机理，从结构和阻垢性能的关系方面探讨了3类阻垢剂的阻垢特点。羧酸根与碳酸钙晶体表面的钙离子螯合，使碳酸钙晶体畸变为松散结构，抑制了碳酸钙的结垢；羧酸根与磺酸根或聚乙烯氧基链的协同作用抑制了磷酸钙的结垢。其中，羧酸根通过螯合作用锚定在无定型磷酸钙纳米颗粒的表面，磺酸根使无定型磷酸钙带负电荷从而分散磷酸钙垢，聚乙烯氧基链增加了磷酸钙的溶解性。对无磷有机阻垢剂的发展趋势进行了展望。

PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF NON-PHOSPHORUS ORGANIC SCALE INHIBITORS

The scale inhibition properties and mechanism of three kinds of phosphate-free organic scale inhibitors, including carboxylate polymer, sulfonate polymer and polyether polymer, on calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate were reviewed from the relationship between structure and scale inhibition performance. The carboxylate chelates with the calcium ions on the surface of the calcium carbonate crystal, which distorts the calcium carbonate crystal into a loose structure and inhibits the scaling of calcium carbonate. The carboxylate is anchored to the surface of amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles by chelation, the sulfonate makes amorphous calcium phosphate negatively charged and disperses calcium phosphate scale, and the polyvinyl oxy chain increases the solubility of calcium phosphate. In this context, the directions of developing scale inhibitors were prospected.