缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏出水规律可视化物模实验

为了深入研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储集体出水规律，设计裂缝、溶洞和缝洞3种典型储集体可视化物理模型，研究了不同裂缝(缝宽)极差、注水速度、含油饱和度与缝洞倾角条件下的出水规律，分析了驱后剩余油类型和分布特点。实验结果表明，对于裂缝储集体,裂缝极差为1、4、16时，极差越大末端出水越早，一定条件下采收率越高。对于多向连通型缝洞储集体，注入速度为0.01、0.1、0.5 mL/min时，采收率呈现出随注水速度增加而先增后减的变化趋势，且波及区域内的含油饱和度越高时，最终采收率也越高。对于致密充填溶洞储集体，重力分异作用对油水流动起重要影响，且当缝洞倾角由0°逐渐增至45°、90°时，采收率也逐渐增加。研究成果对于缝洞型油藏的开发、油井堵水及剩余油的挖潜具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。

Visual physical simulation experiment on the water production laws of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs

In order to make a profound study on the water production laws in the reservoirs of fractured-vuggy carbonate oil reservoirs, this paper designed and built up the visual physical model for three kinds of typical reservoirs, i.e., fractured reservoir, vuggy reservoir and fractured-vuggy reservoir. Then, water production laws at different fracture (width) ranges, water injection rates, oil saturations and fracture/vug dips were investigated, and the types and distribution characteristics of residual oil after the displacement were analyzed. It is experimentally indicated that as for fractured reservoirs, when the fracture range is 1, 4 and 16, the higher the range is, the sooner the water production at the end is and the higher the recovery factor is under a certain condition. As for multi-connection fractured-vuggy reservoirs, when the injection rate is 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mL/min, the recovery factor presents the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase of water injection rate. What’s more, the higher the oil saturation in the swept area is, the higher the ultimate recovery factor is. As for tightly filled vuggy reservoirs, gravity segregation plays an important role in the flowing of oil and water. As the fracture/vug dip rises gradually from 0° to 45° and 90°, the recovery factor increases gradually. The experimental research results are theoretically and practically significant to guide the development of fractured-vuggy reservoirs, the water control of oil wells and the potential tapping of residual oil.