古“源-汇”系统沉积学问题及基本研究方法简述

盆-山动力学、地表过程及沉积物收支研究一直是地球科学领域的研究前沿之一。“源-汇”系统则是以沉积物路径系统将三者有机结合起来，使其成为一个完整的剥蚀-沉积体系。随着近年来研究手段和理论认识的不断发展，“源-汇”系统定量研究逐渐由现代、第四纪向深时方向发展。由于古“源-汇”在后期受到不同程度的改造，所保存的地质信息并不完整。在系统总结其内部要素中几个重要沉积学问题的基础上，分析结果表明源区和汇区的古地貌、古水系及古环境定量重建和精细表征是古“源-汇”系统研究的首要前提。碎屑矿物定量示踪、地貌比例关系以及物质平衡分析是明确古代“源-汇”系统发育特征及其过程的重要方法，为建立新的“源-汇”模型和深入了解地貌演化、沉积历史、有利储层预测具有关键性作用。

Summary of sedimentological issues and fundamental approaches in terms of ancient "Source-to-Sink" systems

Basin-mountain dynamics, earth surface process and sediment budget are always the frontier areas of geoscientific research.The "Source-to-Sink" system integrates the three issues into one complete denudation-deposition system based on the sediment routing system.With the recent development of methods and theories, the quantitative study on the "Source-to-Sink" system has extended from modern or the Quaternary to earlier stages.As the ancient "Source-to-Sink" systems were usually subject to modification of different degrees, the geological details have not been well preserved.The quantitative reconstruction and detailed characterization of palaeo-geomorphology, palaeo-drainages, palaeo-environment of source and sink areas have been the prerequisite of the study on the ancient "Source-to-Sink" systems based on the systematic summary of several critical sedimentological issues for inside elements.The quantitative tracing of detrital minerals, geomorphological scaling relationship and mass balance studies are the predominant approaches for deciphering the characteristic and process codes of ancient "Source-to-Sink" systems, thus playing a crucial role in the establishment of new models and the further understanding of geomorphic evolution, depositional history and prediction of favorable reservoirs.