凡纳滨对虾的加工利用和产业发展概述

凡纳滨对虾是当今高产的三大养殖对虾品种之一，具有广温广盐杂食性、生长速度快、抗病抗逆力高、适应性能强、营养需求低等突出特点，是一种营养均衡的食源性高蛋白佳品。凡纳滨对虾从1988年引进中国后，90年代初养殖获得成功，2000年后进行了规模化推广，2019年养殖总产量为181.6万吨t，逐步成为我国对虾养殖的主要品种和渔业经济的重要支柱产业，并且形成了从引种、繁苗、养殖、加工、销售等环节的庞大产业链，产生了巨大的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益以及文化效益。目前我国对虾加工产业处于结构简单、粗放加工的初级阶段，加上国际贸易壁垒、国内外市场低迷、成本过高等诸多因素，进行虾类高值化产品研究、加工技术研究、延长虾类加工产业链等已成为产业发展方向，这对开辟凡纳滨对虾加工食品新途径、促进虾产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

Overview processing utilization and industrial development of Litopenaeus vannamei

Litopenaeus vannamei, one of the three high-yield cultured shrimp species with a good food source with high protein and balanced nutrition, has the characteristics of wide temperature and wide salt with omnivory, fast growth, high disease resistance and stress resistance, strong adaptability, low nutritional demand and so on. After the introduction of Litopenaeus vannamei into China in 1988, the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei was successful in the early 1990s, popularized on a large scale after 2000, the total production of Litopenaeus vannamei is 1.816 million tons in 2019. It has gradually become the main species of shrimp culture and an important pillar industry of fishery economy in China, and has formed a huge industrial chain from the aspects of introduction, breeding, culturing, processing and marketing, resulting in huge economic benefits, social benefit, ecological benefit and cultural benefit. At present, China''s shrimp processing industry is in the primary stage of simple structure and extensive processing coupled with many factors such as international trade barriers, low domestic and international markets, and high cost, it has become the direction of industrial development to study high-value shrimp products, processing technology, and extend the shrimp processing industry chain, it is of great significance to open up a new way of processing food for Litopenaeus vannamei and promote the sustainable development of shrimp industry.