纤维素乙醇的原料预处理方法及工艺流程研究进展

木质纤维生物质是储量丰富且最有前景的生产燃料乙醇的可再生生物质资源，利用木质纤维生物质生产乙醇主要包括以下步骤：原料预处理、发酵以及产物分离纯化，其中，原料的预处理工艺是限制纤维素乙醇产业化的一个技术瓶颈。本文对酸法、碱法、蒸汽爆破法、合成气法等7种典型预处理方法进行了介绍并对其工艺流程进行简要的说明，同时对不同的预处理方法的优劣、适用范围和工艺流程转化效率等进行了对比，以期为纤维素乙醇预处理方法的工艺选择和评价提供一些参考。提出了纤维素乙醇的产业化前景：不同预处理技术的合理结合使用会有效提高转化率；较好的过程设计能够降低成本，有利于整个过程的经济性。

Feedstock pretreatment and technological process of cellulose ethanol production

Lignocellulose is a promising resource for bioethanol production due to its abundance, renewablility, and low cost. Ethanol production from lignocellulose biomass comprises the following critical steps：feedstock pretreatment, sugar fermentation, separation and purification of the ethanol, among which pretreatment step is identified as technological bottleneck for commercialization of cellulosic ethanol technology. The characteristics and technological processes of typical pretreatment methods are reviewed, such as acid pretreatment, alkali pretreatment, steam explosion, syngas etc., and the advantages and disadvantages, available materials and process efficiency of those methods are compared and discussed to provide guidance for the selection and evaluation of pretreatment process in cellulose ethanol production. Finally, the prospect of commercialization of fuel ethanol production from cellulosic biomass is presented．Reasonable integration of different pretreatment technologies will effectively improve the conversion rate. A preferable process design can help in reducing cost, contributing to the economy of the whole process.