基于生态足迹的区域生态环境承载力评价——以青海省海西州为例

以青海省海西州为例,运用生态足迹法对2007年区域生态环境承载力进行评价,结果显示2007年海西州人均生态足迹为2.652,略低于人均生态承载力3.826,生态略有盈余。同时提出有利于实现区域可持续开发利用和提高生态环境承载力的政策建议:1)要增加投入建立生态保护资金渠道。把生态环境保护纳入国民经济和社会发展年度计划,建立固定的生态保护资金渠道,对资源开发造成的生态破坏,必须坚持由开发单位或个人投资重建和恢复;运用市场机制积极推进生态保护相关产业的发展;探索建立以资源开发补偿、流域补偿、遗传资源惠益共享为主要内容的生态环境补偿机制。2)加强自然资源的开发保护,创造良好的生态环境。加强土地生态建设分区的作用;维护森林的生态功能;加强旅游资源开发的生态环境保护。3)建立一批试点示范工程,分步推进。要组织实施一批生态家园富民示范区,引导农民改变落后的生产生活方式,积极发展生态经济,实施生态家园富民计划。

A CASE STUDY ON HAIXI COUNTY, QINGHAI PROVINCE: REGIONAL ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD ASSESSMENT BASED ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

This paper, based on case study on Haixi county, Qinghai province, applies ecological footprint method to assess the regional eco-environmental load in 2007, with the results indicating a surplus that the ecological footprint per capital in 2007 is 2.652, lightly less than Qinghai average 3.826, and presents some suggestions for regional sustainable development and increasing eco-environmental load. Firstly, more investments are required to protect the ecology. Incorporate the eco-environmental protection into national economic and social development plan, establish a fixed ecological protection capital channel. The ecology destroyed by mining activity must be reconstructed or restored by mining owners. A marketing mechanism is applied to promote the development of ecological protection industries. The eco-environmental compensation shall be based on resources development, drainage, heritage resources. Secondly, intensify the development and protection of natural resources for a better eco-environment, including land ecological zonation, forest ecology, and tourism resources. Thirdly, construct a series of model projects, which means ecological homes can guide peasants to an active ecological development from primitive living.