Impartation of hydroxyapatite formation ability to ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene by deposition of apatite nuclei

The authors aimed to impart hydroxyapatite formation ability to ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) by deposition of apatite nuclei (ApN) by the following two methods. The first method was electrophoretic deposition (EPD). A porous UHMWPE was placed between electrodes in the ApN‐dispersed ethanol and constant voltage was applied. By this treatment, the ApN were migrated from anode‐side surface to the cathode one through the pores by an electric field in the pores of the UHMWPE and deposited inside the pores. The second method was direct precipitation (DP) of the ApN. A porous UHMWPE was soaked in a simulated body fluid (1.0SBF) with higher pH than the physiological one and subsequently, its temperature was raised. By this treatment, the ApN were precipitated in the pores of the UHMWPE directly in the reaction solution. For both methods, the ApN‐deposited UHMWPE showed HAp formation ability not only on the top surface but also inside the pores near the surface of the porous UHMWPE in 1.0SBF although the adhesion strength of thus‐formed HAp layer was higher in the case of the EPD in comparison with the DP, oxygen plasma treatment before the DP enabled to achieve a similar level of the HAp layer adhesion to the EPD.Inspec keywords: calcium compounds, adhesives, porous materials, precipitation, plasma materials processing, pH, adhesion, polymers, phosphorus compounds, electrophoretic coatings, electrochemical electrodesOther keywords: hydroxyapatite formation ability, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, apatite nuclei, electrophoretic deposition, EPD, porous UHMWPE, ApN‐dispersed ethanol, ApN‐deposited UHMWPE, HAp formation ability, oxygen plasma treatment, anodes, cathodes, electric field, direct precipitation, pH value, reaction solution, adhesion strength, HAp layer adhesion, Ca₁₀ (PO₄)₆ (OH)₂