Toughening mechanisms for a zirconia-lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic |
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Authors: | R D Sarno M Tomozawa |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Materials Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York |
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Abstract: | The mechanical properties of a lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic and the same glass-ceramic containing 5 and 15 wt% zirconia
were investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the contributions to toughening from various toughening mechanisms.
For the zirconia-containing compositions, zirconia initially precipitated, upon heat treatment of the glass, as tetragonal
zirconia (t-ZrO2), and upon further heat treatment, transformed to monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2). This transformation could also be induced by grinding samples containing t-ZrO2. By heat treating, the fracture toughness of all compositions increased with increasing matrix grain size until the matrix
grain size exceeded ∼ 1 μm, whereupon both the fracture toughness and strength decreased sharply. The matrix phases, lithium
metasilicate and β-eucryptite, have either high thermal expansion mismatch or high thermal expansion anisotropy resulting
in large thermal stresses. The initial toughness increases observed in each composition were attributed to the formation of
a microcrack zone around the propagating crack. At larger grain sizes, thermal stresses caused spontaneous cracking and loss
of strength. Zirconia additions also contributed to the fracture toughness improvement; however, the predominant toughening
mechanism was not by transformation but due to crack deflection by the stress fields around the transformed, i.e. m-ZrO2, particles. |
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