碳、氮、氧稳定同位素生产技术现状及发展趋势

碳、氮、氧稳定同位素从分离成功至今已经走过了半个多世纪的历程；生产能力实现了从百克级实验室规模到数公斤级批量生产，以及百公斤级大规模生产三个阶段的跨越；而分离技术方面也实现了从热扩散法、色谱法、离子交换法为代表的第一代分离技术，以化学交换法、精馏法为代表的第二代分离技术，以及以物料循环利用、能源耦合、节能减排等技术创新为特点的第三代大规模生产技术的提升。当前，¹³C的生产全部是低温精馏法，¹⁵N的生产方法是NO/HNO₃化学交换法及NO低温精馏法，¹⁸O的生产方法是水精馏法、NO低温精馏法及O₂低温精馏法。这些分离方法共同的特点是在工艺上实现能源高度耦合、物料循环利用、达到了规模化生产，并实现了节能减排。今后，继续通过科技创新，开发环境友好、原料价廉易得、低能耗、低成本、大规模生产的分离技术将是稳定同位素分离产业不断发展的主旋律。

Production Technology Status and Development Trend of Stable Isotopes C,N and O

It has been over half a century since the successful separation of table isotopes carbon,nitrogen and oxygen.The production capacity achieved three levels improvements from the laboratory-scale of one hundred grams,to the pilot production of several kilograms,and mass production of one hundred kilograms.The separation technologies also achieved three generation progress.The first generation of separation technology was represented by thermal diffusion method,chromatography,and ion exchange;the second generation of separation technology was represented by chemical exchange,distillation;the third generation of separation technology was characterized by the techniques innovation of material recycling,energy coupling,energy saving,and large-scale production capacity.At present,13C is wholly produced by cryogenic distillation method,15N is produced by NO/HNO3 chemical exchange and NO cryogenic distillation method,and 18O is manufactured by distillation of water,and cryogenic distillation of NO and O2.The same features of these separation methods are achieving energy coupling,materials recycling,large-scale producing,and energy conservation in the process.In the future,it will be the theme of stable isotope industry to develop environment-friendly,raw materials available,energy saving,low-cost,and large-scale manufacturing technology through continuous technological innovation.