2009年春黑龙江上游冰坝分析

2009年春黑龙江漠河站出现了建站以来最早的开江日期,比历年提前了16 d。黑龙江洛古河站下游6 km,北宏至红旗岭,依西肯和欧浦下游多处发生冰坝。北宏和依西肯的冰坝,两处总水头都在7.0 m以上。依据水文、气象资料,对冰坝成因进行了分析,提出了＂拉尼娜＂是影响冰坝形成的一个重要因素,同时东太平洋的SST对黑龙江上游冰坝具有一定的指示作用,根据动热因素影响指标构建了凌情综合因子,在综合因子高值年多为冰凌灾害年。海温与冰坝的遥相关和冰情综合因子的构建,为冰坝预报分析提供了较为有价值的指标。

Analysis of Ice Jam Along Upstream Areas of the Heilongjiang River in 2009

Since the station has been found,the earliest spring thaw at Mohe hydrologic station in the Heilong-Amur River happened in 2009,which was 16 days earlier than other years.Along the banks of the Heilong-Amur River,several ice jams were formed not only at 6km downstream of Luogu River,Yixiken River and Oupu River but also from Beihong to Hongqiling mountain.The water heads of ice jams in Beihong to Hongqiling mountain and Yixiken River were above 7.0 meters.Based on the statistical characteristics,hydrologic analysis and meteorologic conditions,it indicated that La Nina phenomenon was a crucial impact factor to the formation of ice jam,while the East Pacific SST had certain directive effect on upper reaches of the Heilong-Amur.According to dynamo-thermal indicators,a comprehensive factor of ice situation was designed,the high value of which could be regarded as the year of ice disaster.Another comprehensive factor of teleconnection between sea temperature and ice situation was also designed to provide valuable indicators for ice jam forecast.