钪的地球化学行为与资源类型

作为典型的稀散和稀土元素,钪金属在新材料、国防、军工等尖端科技产业中常发挥着不可替代的作用,已成为世界各国关注的战略性矿产资源。因具有明显不同于其他稀土元素的地球化学性质,钪很少能通过地质作用富集形成独立钪矿物和钪矿床,而大多以伴生组分分散在多种类型矿床中。本文在简要介绍钪资源分布与生产情况基础上,较为系统总结了钪元素在岩浆结晶、热液活动与表生风化过程中的地球化学行为与迁移-富集机制,并据此划分并综述了各种成因类型的钪资源特征。未来将更多需要地质勘查、矿床成因、选冶利用等多学科的交叉合作,加强对钪的成矿物质来源-迁移-富集成矿机制、微观尺度下钪的赋存状态和赋存机制、相关元素共伴生规律与强化分离机理等方面的基础理论研究,以实现钪元素的清洁高效回收利用。

The geochemical behaviors and resource classifications of scandium

As a typical rare dispersed and rare earth element, scandium (Sc) plays an irreplaceable role in advanced industries, such as new materials, national defense and military industry, and has become one of strategical and critical resources to nations worldwide. Due to the unique geochemical properties of Sc different from other rare earth elements, scandium is rarely formed as independent scandium minerals and scandium deposits through geological processes. Sc is always dispersed in various types of deposits as by-product. Based on a brief introduction of the distribution and production of scandium resources, this paper systematically reviews the geochemical behaviors and migration-accumulation mechanisms of Sc during magmatic crystallization, hydrothermal activity and supergene weathering, and also classifies and summarizes the characteristics of of various genetic types of Sc resources. In the future, more and more interdisciplinary cooperations and researches of geological exploration, ore genesis, ore processing and metallurgy are necessary. The related basic theoretical researches on the origin-migration-enrichment of ore-forming materials, the occurrence and mineralied mechanism of scandium at the microscopic scale, the co-existing regularity and the reinforced separation mechanism of different elements should be strengthened to realize the clean and efficient recovery and utilization of Sc resources.