河湖健康评估指标、标准与方法研究

河湖健康评估是河湖生态保护管理的重要基础性技术工作,是全面推行河(湖)长制建设的重要任务。本文重点介绍全国河湖健康评估工作的技术成果,主要内容包括:构建了包括水文水资源、河湖物理形态、水质、水生生物及河湖社会服务功能五个方面的健康评估指标体系,提出了5个等级的河湖健康分级标准,形成了系统的河湖健康调查评价方法,采用该标准与方法,在全国36个河湖(库)水体进行了河湖健康评估。实践证明,全国河湖健康评估提出的河湖健康内涵及评估指标体系能够系统表征我国河湖生态及功能特点,指标总体科学合理,整套技术方法具有很好的操作性。

Research on river and lake health assessment indicators, standards and methods

River and lake health assessment is an important basic technical work for the ecological protec-tion management of rivers and lakes, and it is an important task for the comprehensive implementation of river chief. Since 2010, during the river and lake health assessment work across the country, which has been carried out by the Ministry of Water Resources, the river and lake health assessment technical sys-tem has been systematically researched and verified. The river and lake health assessment index system was constructed, including hydrological process and water resources, physical forms, water quality, aquatic organisms and social service functions, five levels of river and lake health grading standards were pro-posed, and a systematic river and lake health survey and evaluation method was formed. The standard and method were adopted in 36 rivers and lakes (reservoirs) in China. It has been proved that the river and lake health connotation and index system can systematically characterize the ecological features of rivers and lakes in China. The indicators are scientific and reasonable in overall, and the whole set of technical methods has good operability.