专利保护下闭环供应链碳减排及协调决策

考虑政府征收碳税及再制造专利保护,建立原制造商和第三方再制造商不同决策情形的博弈模型,探讨碳税、碳减排对制造/再制造决策的影响.研究结果表明:碳税使原制造商收益受损,当再制造产品接受度大于再制造碳排放比率时,碳税使再制造商利润增加;碳减排使新产品产量增加,原制造商利润增加;碳减排使再制造专利许可费提高,不利于废旧产品回收,再制造商利润不一定增加;集中决策下废旧产品的回收率和供应链总利润均高于分散决策,当满足碳税促进再制造的条件时,集中决策具有更好的环境绩效;针对分散决策的效率损失,原制造商收取适当专利许可费,再制造商分担部分减排成本,能够实现闭环供应链的协调.最后,运用数值仿真验证以上结论,并进一步分析碳税和碳排放比率对减排率的影响.

Carbon emission reduction and coordination decisions of closed-loop supply chain under patent protection

Considering the carbon tax policy and remanufacturing patent protection, the game models between an original equipment manufacturer and a third party remanufacturer in different scenarios are established, and the impacts of carbon tax and emission reduction on the manufacturing/remanufacturing decisions are discussed. The results show that the carbon tax reduces the original manufacturer''s profit. When the acceptance level of remanufactured products is greater than the emission intensity of remanufactured products, the carbon tax will increase the remanufacturer''s profit; emission reduction will increase the quantity of new products and the original manufacturer''s profit. However, emission reduction increases the licensing fee, which is not conducive to recycling, so the remanufacturer''s profit may not necessarily increase. The recovery rate and total profit in the centralized decision-making are higher than those in the decentralized scenario. When the conditions for carbon tax to promote remanufacturing are met, the centralized decision has better environmental performance. The coordination of closed-loop supply chain can be realized by the original manufacturer charging an appropriate license fee and the remanufacturer sharing part of the emission reduction cost. Finally, the results are verified by numerical simulation, and the effects of carbon tax and emission intensity of remanufactured products on emission reduction rate are further analyzed.