中/低温煤焦油减压馏分油的组分分离与鉴定

通过减压蒸馏切取中/低温煤焦油减压馏分油（360~480 ℃），设计柱色谱层析分离对比实验，通过比较柱色谱收率、组分冲洗难易程度及淋洗切割点清晰度，确定了以硅胶为吸附剂，正庚烷可溶质为柱色谱原料，以石油醚、甲苯、甲苯-乙醇、乙醇为冲洗剂的柱层析方法，将煤焦油减压馏分油分离为四个组分，并通过NMR、元素分析及相对分子质量测定等手段对各组分进行分析鉴定。结果表明：该馏分油中饱和分、芳香分、极性组分和C7-沥青质含量分别为13.28%，35.10%，33.15%，18.21%，其中链烷烃占6.00%，环烷烃占7.25%，芳香烃占35.13%。极性组分和C7-沥青质芳碳率高，二者均为以稠环芳烃为主体并配以少量短侧链的大分子，是造成煤焦油轻质化难度大的主要因素。

COMPONENTS ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MEDIUM /LOW TEMPERATURE COAL TAR

The VGO fraction (360~480℃) of middle/low temperature coal tar was prepared by vacuum distillation. The fractions were extracted by heptane solution to isolate the soluble components that were further separated into four components by column chromatographic separation method using silica gel as adsorbent. Petroleum ether, toluene, ethanol, toluene, ethanol for lotion were used. The best column chromatography conditions were determined by contrasting the recovery ratio, difficulty of component flushing and the split points of elution experiments. Furthermore, the components were identified by means of NMR and elements or molecular weight determination. The results reveal that the contents of saturates, aromatics, polar components and C7-asphaltene in VGO fraction were 13.28%, 36.10%, 33.15%, 18.21%, respectively and 6.00% of VGO fraction is paraffin, 7.25% is cycloparaffin and 36.12% is arene. In addition, the polar components and C7-asphaltene are both constituted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and large molecule with few short side chains. It is the complexity of these soluble components that is the principal factor for difficulty in the conversion to light fraction of coal tar.