Mechanochemical synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze nanocrystalline powders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China;2. CCAST (World Laboratory), P.O. Box 8730, Beijing 100080, PR China;3. Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Department of Materials and Structures, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, 7465 Trondheim, Norway;1. School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia;2. Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria;3. Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Graz, Austria;1. Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China;2. Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Japan;3. Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Japan;4. Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China;3. Chemistry and Physics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia;4. Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Nanocrystalline powders of sodium tungsten bronze NaxWO3 (x∼0.88) have been prepared by mechanochemical process using starting materials of Na pieces and WO3 powders in a planetary ball mill. The synthesis reactions proceed with increasing milling time and are almost completed after 44 h. Phase-pure nanoparticles of NaxWO3 with average size of 17 nm were directly obtained after a simple washing process to remove the by-product of Na2WO4. The resistivity was measured in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K. The sample displays semiconducting behavior and can be characterized by three-dimensional variable-range hopping. The mechanochemical process seems to be an attractive route to fabricate tungsten bronzes because of several advantages such as easy preparation, less cost, operating at low temperature and suitability for a large-scale production. |
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