顶部空气间隔装药对岩石爆破块度影响的试验研究

空气间隔装药方式能够改变爆炸能量的分布，顶部空气间隔装药方式是提高炮孔顶部的岩石破碎效果的主要方式之一。通过理论和现场试验分析顶部空气间隔对岩石破碎块度的影响，顶部空气间隔的存在可以有效地改变爆生气体和冲击波在空气隔层中的作用方向；现场试验表明，空气间隔比例10%时平均块度和无空气间隔的平均块度接近，空气间隔比例25%时产生最大平均块度。得到的合理空气间隔比例为10%～15%。

Experimental Study on the Influence of Top Air-Deck Charge on Rock Fragmentation in Blasting

Being able to change the distribution of explosion energy in blasting, top air-deck charge is one of the main ways to improve rock fragmentation at the top of blast hole. The influence of top air-deck on rock fragmentation was analyzed in view of theory and field test. The existence of top air-deck can effectively change the direction of action of explosive gas and shock wave in air-deck. Field test results show that the average blocking degree for 10% air-deck is close to that for non-air-deck. The maximum average block degree was observed at the air-deck ratio of 25%. The reasonable interval ratio is in the range of 10%-15%.