响应面优化栀子果实不同部位油脂提取工艺及其脂肪酸分析

为了考察采用超声波提取栀子果皮、果肉两个不同部位油脂的工艺,以石油醚为提取溶剂,通过单因素实验和响应面法对其工艺进行优化。利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)技术对栀子油脂进行脂肪酸含量分析。结果显示,超声提取栀子果皮油脂的最佳工艺条件为:提取时间60 min、提取功率320 W、料液比1∶13 g/mL。超声提取栀子果肉油脂的最佳工艺条件为:提取时间58 min、提取功率360 W、料液比1∶12 g/mL。在上述条件下,栀子果皮、果肉油脂的得率分别可达2.36%和22.60%。扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示,超声波可以破坏栀子果实细胞排列方式和整齐程度,促进油脂性成分溶出。GC-MS实验结果表明,栀子果肉油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量为75.97%,以亚油酸(52.70%)和油酸(21.90%)为主;栀子果皮油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量为69.22%,以亚油酸(44.80%)和油酸(13.55%)为主。上述研究结果可为栀子油脂合理利用及开发提供参考。

Optimization of Extraction Technologies of Different Parts of Gardenia jasminoides Oils by Response Surface Methodology and Their Fatty Acids Analysis

In this work,the ultrasonic extraction technologies of different parts of Gardenia jasminoides oils were investigated using petroleum as extraction solvent. Response surface methodology(RSM)design was employed to optimize the extraction technologies of the G. jasminoides pericarp and G. jasminoides pulp oils,and their fatty acids composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for G. jasminoides pericarp were as follows:Extraction time 60 min,extraction power 320 W and the ratio of liquid to solid at 1∶13 g/mL,whereas the optimum extraction conditions for G. jasminoides pulp were as follows:Extraction time 58 min,extraction power 360 W and the ratio of liquid to solid at 1∶12 g/mL. Under these conditions,the fatty acid extraction yield was 2.36% and 22.60% for G. jasminoides pericarp and G. jasminoides pulp,respectively. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that obvious structure rupture occurred in the treated samples compared with the untreated samples,promoting the release of oil by breaking down the cell structures of G. jasminoides pericarp and G. jasminoides pulp respectively. GC-MS analysis showed that the total unsaturated fatty acids content in G. jasminoides pulp was up to 75.97%,wherein the dominate fatty acids were linoleic acid(52.70%)and oleic acid(21.90%),while the total unsaturated fatty acids content from G. jasminoides pericarp was determined as 69.22%,in which the main fatty acids were linoleic acid(44.80%)and oleic acid(13.55%),respectively. These results can provide the reference for further development and utilization of G. jasminoides fruit oil.