妥乐银杏坚果外观性状和果仁营养成分分析

采用主成分分析法对贵州省盘州市妥乐村5株银杏坚果的外观性状和果仁主要营养成分进行了分析。结果显示,5株银杏坚果的外观性状呈现一定的差异,变异程度在3.960%~19.992%之间,其中样品4号的核重最大。银杏果仁含有丰富的营养成分,包括蛋白质(4.17%~5.47%)、粗纤维(1.10%~2.24%)、总糖(0.29%~0.73%)、总酸(0.46%~0.55%)、总黄酮(0.014%~0.024%)、维生素C(22.7~36.0 mg/100 g)、17种氨基酸(32.19~52.44 g/100 g)和9种矿质元素(480.17~620.27 mg/kg)。其中,样品4号中的蛋白质含量最高(5.47%),总酸(0.54%)和总黄酮(0.019%)位居第2,总糖(0.62%)和氨基酸(38.50 g/kg)含量位居第3。主成分分析结果表明,5株银杏坚果品质的综合评分分别为-2.43、0.45、0.43、2.17、-0.07,表明样品4号的综合品质较好。

Analysis on Appearance Trait and Nutrition Ingredient of Ginkgo Nuts in Tuole

The appearance characteristics and main nutrients of nuts from five Ginkgo trees in Tuole Village in Panzhou City,Guizhou Province,China,were analyzed by the main component analysis. The results showed that the appearance characteristics of the nuts from five Ginkgo trees showed some differences,with variation between 3.960% and 19.992%,among which No. 4 was the one with the largest kernel weight. Ginkgo nuts were rich in nutrients,including protein(4.17%~5.47%),coarse fiber(1.10%~2.24%),total sugar(0.29%~0.73%),total acid(0.46%~0.55%),total flavonoids(0.014%~0.024%),vitamin C(22.7~36.0 mg/100 g),17 amino acids(32.19~52.44 g/100 g)and 9 mineral elements(480.17~620.27 mg/kg). Among the tested sample,the protein content in nuts of No. 4 was the highest(5.47%),whose total acids(0.54%)and total flavonoids(0.019%)were ranked as the 2nd,and the total sugars(0.62%)and amino acid(38.50 g/kg)contents were ranked as the 3rd. The main component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of nut quality of the five Ginkgo trees(No. 1~No. 5)were -2.43,0.45,0.43,2.17 and -0.07,respectively,indicating the best comprehensive quality for Ginkgo tree No. 4.