用于空间辐射环境探测的金刚石探测器研究综述

空间辐射环境探测可减轻或避免辐射环境对航天器和宇航员的危害,已成为近年来各航天大国研究空间环境的热点.对空间辐射环境进行探测的探测器较多,包括气体探测器、闪烁体探测器和半导体探测器,半导体探测器具有能量分辨率高、探测效率高等优点,已逐渐取代其他两种探测器.金刚石辐射探测器是半导体探测器的一种,具有探测精度高、耐候性好、无需制冷、寿命长以及抗辐射能力强等优点,特别适合长周期、强辐射的深空探测.同时,金刚石禁带宽度大,不响应可见光,可实现日盲观测,已被欧洲空间局(ESA)用于太阳紫外辐射探测.俄罗斯工业技术中心在多种粒子复合探测方面正在研制宇宙射线光谱仪,尽管探测能区集中在中高能,但该光谱仪可实现电子、质子和重粒子的复合探测.基于目前金刚石辐射探测器在单粒子辐射探测中的应用及空间复杂的多种粒子辐射环境,我国的空间辐射环境探测研究应通过设计基于多层金刚石膜的单粒子辐射探测器来提高探测器的能量分辨率,再构建探测器矩阵进行多种粒子复合探测,将人工神经网络算法引入数据处理过程,以拓展探测范围到低能区,实现全能量范围粒子的探测,从而为开展金刚石探测器在空间站、深空辐射环境探测等领域的应用探索奠定基础.

Diamond Radiation Detector Used for Space Radiation Detection:a State-of-Art Review

The detection of space radiation environment has become a hot spot in the research of space environment in recent years due to the demand for mitigating or eliminating the hazards of radiation environment to spacecraft and astronauts.Various de-tectors have been applied to determining space radiation environment,such as gas detector,scintillator detector and semiconductor detector,among which the semiconductor detector has been gradually prevailing over the two others owing to the advantages of high energy resolution,high detection efficiency,etc.Diamond detector,as a kind of semiconductor detector,possesses high detection ac-curacy,favorable environment resistance,dispensability of refrigeration,long life and outstanding radiation resistance,thereby espe-cially suitable for long-period and strong-radiation deep space exploration.Moreover,the wide band gap of diamond makes its photon response exclusive of visible light and enables solar-blind detection,so the European space agency(ESA)has utilized diamond for so-lar ultraviolet detection.A multi-particle combinational detection device,i.e.cosmic ray spectrometer,which has been under con-struction by Russian Industry Technology Center,is capable of synchronous detection of electrons,protons and heavy particles though the available energy intervals mainly locates at intermediate/high-energy region.On the basis of the application of diamond de-tector in single-particle radiation detection and the space complex multi-particle radiation environment,the feasible scheme to the blueprint of space radiation environment engineering of China includes:improving the detector's energy resolution by designing mul-tilayer-diamond-film-based single-particle radiation detector,reconstructing the detector matrix for multiple particle coincidence de-tection,extending the detection interval to low-energy region by introducing the artificial neural network algorithm into data proces-sing.The achievement of diamond detector with effective whole-energy-region detection will doubtlessly facilitate its application to space station,deep space radiation engineering,etc.