秸杆综合利用技术与生态工业

近年来由于农村生活能源结构的变化与集约化生产的发展,秸杆田间燃烧产生的烟雾已成为一大社会公害。秸秆作为自然生态循环的大宗中间产物,从环境的污染源变成生态工业宝贵原料的研究尚处于起步阶段,需要重新认识秸杆等木质纤维素在组建人工生态循环系统中的位置与作用。中科院化工冶金所经过10多年的重新探索,形成了一条新的技术路线与开发策略,其特点主要有:①提出了秸秆生物量全利用的综合技术体系,首先使纤维素、半纤维素、木质素组分分离,然后分别多途径生物转化利用,形成综合经济效益;②已研究成功了新型大规模固态纯种发酵系统,在技术经济上取得了突破性进展;③已建立了生物转化过程的多级耦合技术体系,使投资与生产成本进一步降低;④已形成生产生物蛋白饲料、生物有机肥、纤维素酶、液体燃料、低聚木糖和清洁制浆造纸等生态工业典型产品体系,为生产与试验基地的发展提供了较稳定的技术与经济保障;⑤明确了生态工业为生态农业的配套体系,按照生态工程原理,强调多层、多级循环利用与综合经济效益,适度规模与配套发展新模式。

Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Straw and Ecological Industry

As a result of the changes in energy mix for daily uses and the development of intensive production in China' s rural areas, the smog generated from straw burning in the fields has become a major source of environmental pollution. Straw is a bulk intermediate product in the natural ecological cycle. The research to turn it into a valuable raw material of the ecological industry from an environmental pollution source is still in an initial stage in China. Therefore it is necessary to reknow the position and role of straw and other lignocellulose products in constituting artificial ecological cycle system. The Institute of Chemical Engineering Metallurgy under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, through repeated explorations for more than ten years, has formed a new technical route and development strategy which are mainly characterized by 1. A comprehensive technical system for the full utilization of the biological mass of straw has been formulated. Firstly, cellusode, semicellulose and lignin are decomposed and utilized by various ways and respectively to generate comprehensive economic benefits; 2. New pure bacteria strain fermentation system in large scale and solid phase has been developed and breakthrough advances have been made technically and economically; 3. Multi -stage coupling technical system of biological conversion has been established making the further reduction of investment and production costs; 4. An ecological industrial system to make typical products including bioprotein feed, biological organic fertilizer, cellu-lase, liquid fuel, oligoxylose and clean pulp and paper making has been formed providing more stable technical and economic guarantee for the production and development of the production and experimental based; 5. It is defined that e-cological industry is an integrated system of ecological agriculture. Based on the principle of ecological engineering new mode has been paid close attention to which includes multi - level and multi - stage recycle utilization, comprehensive economic benefits, moderate scale and integrated development.