地震采集技术发展动态与展望

地震采集技术正经历着深刻的变化,发展速度明显加快。"以记录波场为中心"的理念逐步替代了传统的追求共中心点叠加次数的采集设计思想,力求记录到大部分对地质目标有影响的资料、无假频地记录噪声波场,为成像和噪声识别打好基础。以声波多普勒传感器为代表的新型传感器不再强调与地面的耦合,将大幅减少采集工作量;508XT陆地采集系统,能够实时记录百万道地震信号,将地震成像的分辨率提高到新水平;而旋转分量传感器测量出了波场更多信息。随着可控震源、激发方式的进步,传统的逐炮激发、接收的非连续采集方式演化为多震源按计划独立激发、不同炮连续重叠记录,提高了采集效率。海上地震也出现了双圆形采集、完全去伴随波、OBN等新技术。DSA的实现,将大大提高地震的经济性,通过数据的冗余,提高地震资料反映地质情况的能力。

Outlook of Seismic Acquisition Technological Development

Seismic acquisition technology is experiencing a profound change and developing at a quick rate. The conception of ＂focusing on record of wave field＂ is gradually replacing the traditional acquisition design mindset of CMP stacks. It aims at recording most of the data influencing geological targets and recording noise wave field without alias, laying a good foundation for imaging and identification of noise. The new-type senor, such as sonic wave Doppler senor, no longer emphasizes coupling with surface, reducing a large amount of acquisition. The 508XT land acquisition system can record seismic data signal of one million traces at real time, bringing seismic imaging resolution up to a new level. Meanwhile, rotation components sensor can measure more information of wave field. With development of vibroseis and excitation methods, the traditional discontinuous acquisition method of shot-by-shot excitation and reception is developed into multi-source separate excitation as planned and continuous recording of different shots, improving the acquisition efficiency. Some new technologies have been developed for offshore acquisition, such as double-circle acquisition, complete removal of ghosts and OBN. Adoption of DSA substantially improves seismic economic feasibility and helps seismic data reflect the geological conditions by means of data redundancy.