Constitutive behaviour of crushed ice

In ice-structure interaction, a zone of highly damaged ice is created near the structure surface. The crushed material of this zone has large ductility and is subjected to complex load and deformation histories. In this paper, various aspects of constitutive modelling of this material are discussed. The changes in microstructures such as cracks and grain boundaries are modelled by a damage function, while change in the porosity is modelled by a solution for creeping solids. Various components of deformation, i.e., the elastic, the delayed elastic, and the viscous creep are separately identified, and their changes with the damage and porosity are discussed. Comparison of theory and experiments are given for constant strain rate and constant stress test on crushed ice under triaxial conditions. Pressure sintering and compaction of crushed ice due to shear stresses are also studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.