锥段结构对旋流器内部流场和分级性能的影响

水力旋流器最早可追溯到上世纪50年代，它是一种将压力能转化为动能且伴随着能量损失的装备，因其占地面积小、无运动部件、分级效率高等优点被广泛应用于煤炭分选、石油、化工等各类分选行业中，但由于其自身结构的限制以及外界工况的变化，分级精度难以保证，旋流器主要有柱段、锥段、溢流口、底流口和进料体组成，其中，锥段结构作为旋流器的主要分离区域，是影响旋流器分级性能的主要因素之一，因此，本文针对常规旋流器分级精度低、运行能耗高的问题，提出了一种改进旋流器锥段的方法用于提高旋流器分级性能，通过数值计算法呈现了直线型、抛物线型和双曲线型锥段结构旋流器对内部流场特性和分离性能的影响规律。数值结果表明：采用抛物线锥段可使其旋流器的切向速度和轴向速度减小，降低乱流的发生概率，流场稳定性得到有效提升，双曲线锥段内部流场不稳定，不利于颗粒的平稳运行。抛物线型旋流器零速包络面外移，细内旋流空间变大，细颗粒得到充分分离，分级精度得到一定提升。相比于常规型和双曲线型，抛物线型旋流器具有较小的湍流强度，颗粒稳定性得到有效提升，同时，抛物线型旋流器的陡度指数从0.61提升为0.72，旋流器分级精度得到大幅提升，由于其分离空间的变大，切割粒径稍有增大。

The influence of cone structure on the internal flow field and classification performance of a hydrocyclone

Hydrocyclone can be traced back to the 1950s. It is an equipment that converts pressure energy into kinetic energy and is accompanied by energy loss. Due to its small footprint, no moving parts, and high classification efficiency, it is widely used in various sorting industries such as coal sorting, petroleum, and chemical industry. However, due to the limitations of its own structure and changes in external working conditions, classification accuracy is difficult to ensure. Cyclones mainly include column and cone sections The overflow port, bottom flow port, and feed body are composed, among which the cone structure, as the main separation area of the cyclone, is one of the main factors affecting the classification performance of the cyclone. Therefore, this article proposes a method to improve the classification performance of the cyclone by modifying the cone section of the conventional cyclone to address the problems of low classification accuracy and high operating energy consumption. The numerical calculation method presents a linear shape The influence of parabolic and hyperbolic conical structure cyclones on the internal flow field characteristics and separation performance. The numerical results show that using a parabolic cone can reduce the tangential and axial velocities of the cyclone, reduce the probability of turbulence, and effectively improve the stability of the flow field. The internal flow field of the hyperbolic cone is unstable, which is not conducive to the smooth operation of particles. The zero speed envelope surface of the parabolic cyclone moves outward, increasing the space for fine internal swirling flow and allowing for sufficient separation of fine particles, resulting in a certain improvement in classification accuracy. Compared to conventional and hyperbolic models, parabolic cyclones have lower turbulence intensity and effectively improve particle stability. At the same time, the steepness index of parabolic cyclones has been increased from 0.61 to 0.72, greatly improving the classification accuracy of cyclones. Due to the increase in separation space, the cutting particle size has slightly increased.