Fertiliser strategies for improved nutrient use efficiency on sandy soils in high rainfall regimes |
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Authors: | S Sitthaphanit V Limpinuntana B Toomsan S Panchaban R W Bell |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand;(2) School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia |
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Abstract: | Fertiliser application strategies for maize (Zea
mays L.) production on sandy soils under high rainfall regimes need to be carefully designed to minimise nutrient losses through
leaching and maximise crop yield. Experiments were conducted to determine N, P, and K leaching in sandy soils with 3–6% clay
in surface layers under maize production, and the effectiveness of different N, P, and K fertiliser timing and splitting strategies
on leaching of N, P, and K and on maize yield. In a column experiment on an Oxic Paleustult (Korat series) with 3% clay, leaching
of N, P, and K from fertiliser (114N-17P-22K in kg ha−1) was significant under simulated rainfall, but decreased to negligible levels with 3–5 split applications of fertiliser.
Maize N and K uptake increased with 3–5 split applications, but not P uptake. Despite continued intense rainfall and further
fertilizer additions, leaching was not recorded after day 30, and this was attributed to the effect of plant water uptake
on reducing deep drainage. Split applications of fertilizer maintained NP and K in the 0–30 cm layer during 30–60 days when
maize nutrient demand was likely to be at its highest, while in the recommended fertilizer regime NPK in the surface layers
declined after 30 days. In a field experiment on an Oxic Paleustult (Korat series) with 6% clay, 3–4 splits of fertiliser
increased N and K uptake and increased maize yields from 3.3 to 4.5 Mg ha−1. Postponing basal fertiliser application from pre-planting to 7–15 days after emergence increased uptake of N, P, and K and
grain yield emphasising the greater risk of nutrient losses from fertiliser applied at planting than later. Strategies designed
to reduce the amount of nutrients applied as fertiliser at planting, such as split application and postponing basal application
can decrease the risk of leaching of N, P, and K from fertiliser and improve nutrient use efficiency, and grain yield of maize
on sandy soils under high growing season rainfall regimes. |
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