蜂窝结构力学超材料弹性及抗冲击性能的研究进展

具有手性蜂窝结构的力学超材料是近年来发展起来的高性能工程材料,它具有轻质、高比刚度、负泊松比、结构参数可调以及力学性能稳定等优点。其不仅可以实现面内变形,面外承载的双重力学作用,还具有出色的隔振、吸声降噪以及控制弹性波的传播等工程应用潜质,在智能结构、车辆船舶、航空航天等领域具有巨大的发展潜力。本文从其弹性和抗冲击两个力学性能方面进行综述。首先介绍并评述了近年来蜂窝结构力学超材料的面内杨氏模量、负泊松比特性以及面外剪切模量等弹性性能的理论分析研究进展。在抗冲击性能方面,从力学模型建立和有限元分析的角度出发,对手性蜂窝结构力学超材料在冲击载荷作用下的整体变形及其抗冲击性能的研究现状分别进行了评述。最后指出针对蜂窝结构力学超材料弹性及冲击性能的研究,可进一步建立内部韧带变形及力的传递力学模型以及深入探索冲击过程吸能机理等,以期为该类力学超材料内部韧带和节点环结构的优化设计提供参考。

Progress in elastic property and impact resistance of honeycomb structure mechanical metamaterial

Mechanical metamaterial composed of chiral honeycomb structure is high performance engineering materials developed in recent years. They have the advantages of light weight, high specific stiffness, negative Poisson’s ratio, adjustable structural parameters and stable mechanical properties. It not only can realize the dual mechanical functions of in-plane deformation and out-of-plane load-bearing, but also has excellent engineering application performance such as vibration isolation and sound absorption and noise reduction and control of elastic wave propagation. It has great potential in the fields of intelligent structure, vehicle, ship, aerospace and so on. Two mechanical aspects of its elastic properties and impact resistance were reviewed.First, the progress of theoretical analysis and research on the elastic properties such as the surface poplar modulus, negative Poisson’s ratio, and elastic properties of external shear modulus of mechanical metamaterials were reviewed and commented. Further, in the aspect of impact resistance, the overall deformation and impact resistance of the existing chiral honeycomb mechanical metamaterials under impact load were reviewed based on perspectives of model establishment and finite element analysis. Finally, it was pointed out that in the further research of elasticity and impact properties, the mechanical model of internal ligament deformation and force transmission can be further established and the energy absorption mechanism of the impact process to be further explored so as to provide the reference for the optimization design of the internal structure of ligaments and node rings in this type of metamaterial.