西南民族村寨防灾综合技术研究构想与成果展望

中国西南地区幅员辽阔、山地占比高,是我国少数民族分布最为集中的区域。区内分布着众多的民族村寨,地形复杂、灾害多发、生态脆弱、经济欠发达、人居环境问题突出。为进一步提高村寨的灾害防范化解能力,系统提升村寨人居质量,亟需开展灾害综合防控和宜居性能改善研究。“西南民族村寨防灾技术综合示范”项目,以西南地区民族村寨的安全与宜居性能为主线,凝练了4个关键的科学技术问题：1)村寨灾害特征与孕育机制;2)村寨人居环境特征与“环境-建造”交互影响机制;3)村寨低成本生态型灾害防控与治理技术;4)村寨本土化适应性宜居性能集成化改善技术。通过村寨地质灾害智能监测与治理技术、村寨火灾预警与防火建材技术、村寨防灾结构体系与增强技术、村寨环境污染防治与回用技术、村寨适应性空间优化与民居性能提升技术五方面内容的系统研究,研发低成本、分散式、生态型、智能化的灾害综合防控技术,和本土化、适应性宜居性能集成改善技术,构建西南民族村寨综合防灾和人居环境改善成套技术体系。全面提升西南民族村寨的灾害防范化解能力,系统改善人居环境质量,保护民族特色及风貌,促进可持续发展。

Research Framework and Anticipated Results of the Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Technology in Ethnic Villages of Southwest China

Southwest China is a vast region with a high proportion of mountainous areas and the largest concentration of ethnic minorities in China. There are numerous ethnic villages distributed in the region, with complex terrain, frequent disasters, fragile ecology, underdeveloped economy and prominent problems of human settlement. In order to further improve the capacity of disaster prevention and resolution of villages, and improve the villages human settlement systematically, it is urgent to carry out research on comprehensive disaster prevention and suitability improvement of human settlement. The "Comprehensive Demonstration of Disaster Prevention Technology of Ethnic Villages in Southwest China" project focuses on the safety and livability of ethnic villages in Southwest China, and summarizes four key scientific and technological issues: 1) the characteristics and mechanism of village disaster; 2) the characteristics of human settlement and the interaction mechanism of "environment - construction" of villages; 3) low-cost ecological disaster prevention and treatment technology of villages; 4) integrated improvement technology of indigenous and adaptive village livability. Through five aspects of systematic research, including the intelligent monitoring and treatment technology of village geological disaster, village fire warning and fire protection building materials technology, village disaster prevention structure system and enhancement technology, village environmental pollution prevention and reuse technology, village adaptive spatial optimization and the performance improvement of dwellings technology, this article deals with developing comprehensive disaster prevention and treatment technology which is low cost, distributed and ecological, and integrated livability improvement technology which is indigenous and adaptive, building the complete technical system of comprehensive disaster prevention and human settlement improvement of ethnic villages in Southwest China. It will improve the disaster prevention and resolution capacity of ethnic villages in Southwest China comprehensively, improve the quality of human settlement systematically, protect ethnic characteristics and features, and promote sustainable development.