酵母油脂及用于生物柴油制备研究进展

油脂酵母具有高产油能力，并且所积累油脂的主要成分与植物油脂相似，可作为生物柴油制备的原料。本文对影响酵母油脂合成的关键酶、基因、碳源以及酵母油脂在生物柴油制备中的研究进展进行了综述，认为ATP∶柠檬酸裂解酶和苹果酸酶是酵母油脂合成代谢途径中的关键酶，另外，LRO1、DGA1和ARE基因也被认为同油脂合成有着紧密联系。对酵母油脂用于生物柴油生产的前景进行了展望：利用廉价碳源如甘油、能源作物以及木质纤维素水解液等培养酵母，可有效降低生产成本。在不同催化方法下，酵母油脂均可用于制备生物柴油，这对进一步研究生物柴油的生产应用有着重要意义。

Research progress in biodiesel production from yeast lipid

Oleaginous yeasts have high lipid accumulation ability. The main components of yeast lipid are similar with those of vegetable oils and the yeast lipid could be used as raw materials for biodiesel production. This review summarized the studies regarding key factors of yeast lipid accumulation and production of biodiesel from yeast lipid. It was reported that ATP∶citrate lyase and malic enzyme were essential for lipid accumulation. LRO1、DGA1 and ARE genes are also considered as key genes for lipid accumulation. We also gave a prospect on biodiesel production from yeast lipid：low-cost carbon sources such as glycerol，cassava starch，jerusalem artichoke and lignocellulosic hydrolysate could be utilized for culture to reduce cost effectively. Yeast lipid could be used for biodiesel production with different catalysts，which is of great significance to further research on biodiesel.