纳米油气与源储共生型油气聚集

在对比非常规油气与常规油气类型、地质特征及勘探技术的基础上,提出"纳米油气"的概念,指出"纳米油气"是未来石油工业的发展方向。纳米油气是指用纳米技术研究和开采聚集在纳米级孔喉储集系统中的油气,纳米油气主要分布在烃源岩层及与其大面积紧密接触的近源致密储集层系中,涵盖了页岩油、页岩气、煤层气、致密砂岩油、致密砂岩气、致密灰岩油等,储集层孔喉直径一般为纳米级;油气水在纳米孔喉中渗流能力差,相态分异难,主要依靠超压驱动,油气被滞留吸附,在源储共生致密层系中大面积连续分布。中国含油气盆地发育源储共生型致密层系、碳酸盐岩缝洞层系、火山岩缝洞层系、变质岩裂缝层系等多种类型油气聚集层系,其中源储共生层系油气聚集位于盆地中心或斜坡部位,源内或近源层状大面积聚集,是资源分布的主体和未来发展重点领域。以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地源储共生型油气聚集为典型实例,提出连续型油气"两线一区"(即源储共生层系油气聚集顶底界线、油气连续聚集边界线、"甜点"分布核心区)评价方法。图10表9参32

Nano-hydrocarbon and the accumulation in coexisting source and reservoir

By comparison of the types,geological characteristics and exploration technologies of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon,this paper proposes the concept of "nano-hydrocarbon" and indicates that "nano-hydrocarbon" is the development direction of oil and gas industry in the future.Nano-hydrocarbon refers to the research and production,by nano-technology,of oil and gas accumulated in the reservoir system of nano-sized pore-throats.It is mainly distributed in source rocks and the neighbouring tight reservoirs and includes shale oil,shale gas,coal-bed methane,tight sandstone oil & gas,tight limestone oil and so on,with nano-sized diameter of pore-throats in reservoirs.Oil,gas and water in nano-sized pore-throats exhibit poor percolation and phase separation,and are mainly driven by ultra-pressure,thus existing pervasively and continuously in the coexisting tight strata of source and reservoir.China’s petroliferous basins develop multiple series such as coexisting tight source and reservoir,carbonate fractures and cavities,volcanic fractures and cavities,and metamorphic rock fractures.Of them,the first type of series is located in the center or along the slopes of the basins,are accumulated extensively within or near sources and are dominant potential sources.With accumulations within coexisting source and reservoir in the Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin as examples,the method of "two lines and one area" to prospect continuous-type hydrocarbon accumulation is proposed,i.e.the top and bottom boundaries of a set of coexisting source and reservoir and the boundaries of hydrocarbon accumulation as lines,and "sweet spot" distributing core area as main exploration target.