纳米材料产业化重大问题及共性问题

详细分析了纳米材料产业化所具有的共性规律，提出了纳米材料产业化须经历小试、中试、工业化试验、市场开拓、垄断期生产、稳定生产期、衰退期等7个阶段，阐述了每个阶段的特点、目的及相互联系。通过上述分析，提出了纳米材料规模化生产必须建立面向过程特殊性的单元操作理论和过程放大的方法论。以纳米粉体合成过程的动力学、微观混合及液相反应的放大为例进行了详细的论述。还分析了纳米粉体应用所面临的共性问题，特别是分散、表面改性及稳定性问题，提出了解决上述问题的最新进展。通过分析中国众多纳米粉体企业的现实状况，还就纳米材料从研究到工业化必须解决的接口不畅及企业的机制问题，对有志于纳米技术的投资者提出了建议。

Common and Critical Problems in Commercialization of Nanomaterials Production

The common rules of commercialization of nanomaterials production are analyzed in details. It is pointed out that the commercialization should go through seven phases of small-scale, pilot plant, industrial demonstration, marketing, monopolistic production, stable production, and recession, and the nature, objectives and interrelationships of each phase are described. To back it is necessary to establish the unit operations concepts oriented the specific process and the methodology for scale-up.The kinetics of nanomaterials synthesis, micromixing and scale-up of liquid-phase reaction process are discussed. Also presented are the general problems in application of nanomaterials, in particular, including dispersion, modification of surface and stability, and the latest advances in the solution of these problems. On the basis of the analysis of actual conditions of nanomaterials enterprise in the country, the authors also give the suggestions for the investors interested in the nano-tech with respect to the interface between research and industry and the mechanism of enterprises.