大气探测激光雷达网络和星载激光雷达技术综述

大气探测激光雷达以精细的时空分辨率、高探测精度和连续廓线数据获取能力成为大气探测强有力的工具。通过激光雷达观测网络和星载激光雷达, 可以获得大空间尺度持续的四维大气信息,满足环境、气象和气候研究的需要。介绍了目前存在的比较重要的激光雷达网络和航天强国的星载激光雷达计划。主要的激光雷达网络有全球大气成分变化探测网(NDACC)、欧洲气溶胶研究激光雷达观测网(EARLINET)、亚洲沙尘激光雷达观测网(AD-NET)、美国东部激光雷达观测网(REALM)、微脉冲激光雷达网(MPLNET)和独联体激光雷达网(CIS-LINET),分别介绍了它们各自的功能、激光雷达类型和站点、日常观测活动与规范。激光雷达空间技术试验(LITE)开启了星载激光雷达的新纪元,之后美国航空航天局NASA、欧空局ESA和日本宇航局JAXA先后开展了星载激光雷达计划,分别介绍了这些星载激光雷达的科学目标、激光雷达类型及相关参数以及技术原理。中国也正在筹划研制激光雷达卫星载荷,用于探测大气气溶胶、云和二氧化碳。最后总结说明了激光雷达网络化和卫星载荷的优势和应用。

Review on Atmospheric Detection Lidar Network and Spaceborne Lidar Technology

Atmospheric detection lidar is a powerful tool with fine temporal-spatial resolution, high detection accuracy and real-time profiling data acquisition. Lidar network and spaceborne lidar technology, can obtain large-spatial-scale and continuous four-dimensional atmospheric data for researching on environment, meteorology and climate. The lidar network and the spaceborne lidar program are introduced in detail. The main lidar networks include the network detection of atmospheric composition change(NDACC), the European aerosol research lidar network(EARLINET), the Asian dust and aerosol research network(AD-NET), the regional east atmospheric lidar mesonet(REALM), micro-pulse lidar network(MPLNET), and the atmosphere aerosol and ozone monitoring in CIS regions(CIS-LINET). The functions, the lidar types organization and lidar sites, daily observation activities and standardization are described respectively for every lidar network. Lidar in space technology experiment(LITE) has opened a new era for spaceborne lidar. Following that, several spaceborne lidar programs are proposed by the NASA, ESA and JAXA. The scientific goal, lidar type, lidar related parameters and the technical principles of these spaceborne lidar are introduced respectively. In China, a multifunction spaceborne lidar is also proposed to monitor aerosol, cloud and CO$_2$. In summary, the advantages and the applications of the lidar networking observation and the spaceborne lidar are illustrated.