半主动天车升沉补偿试验平台设计与分析

半主动天车升沉补偿装置是一种实现浮式钻井平台升沉运动的节能高效装备,但其相关技术被国外厂商封锁且国内尚缺乏准确有效的试验支撑,为此建立了补偿作用下的四自由度钻柱纵向振动模型以揭示半主动天车升沉补偿机理,并以此为理论依据设计了半主动天车升沉补偿试验平台及其机械结构、液压系统和控制系统。该试验平台的主要设计参数包括补偿载荷、最大补偿行程以及最大补偿速度,从工况模拟能力、补偿缸载荷以及补偿效率这3个方面综合分析了平台的试验能力。结果表明:通过控制浮动天车位移可以明显降低升沉运动对钻压的不利影响;主、被动补偿缸分别承担了补偿过程中的动、静载荷;设计的试验平台不仅能模拟满足实际要求的补偿工况,而且在最大补偿工况下的补偿效率为93.14%,说明它具备良好的试验能力。研究成果为半主动天车升沉补偿技术的研究提供了可靠的理论和试验依据。

Design and analysis of semi-active crane heave compensation test rig

The semi-active crane heave compensator is an energy-saving and high-efficiency equipment for solving the heave motion of a floating drilling platform. However, its related technology has been blocked by foreign companies and there is still a lack of accurate and effective test support in domestic. Therefore, a new four degrees of freedom longitudinal vibration model of drill string under compensation was developed to reveal the heave compensation mechanism of the semi-active crane, and a semi-active crane heave compensation test rig consisting of a mechanical structure system, a hydraulic system, and a control system was designed based on the model. The main design parameters included compensation load, maximum compensation stroke and maximum compensation speed. The comprehensive test capability of the test rig was analyzed in terms of operating condition simulation capability, compensation cylinder load and compensation efficiency. The results showed that controlling the floating crane displacement could significantly reduce the impact of heave motion on the WOB (weight on bit), and the active and passive compensations cylinder respectively bore the dynamic and static loads during the compensation process.Besides, the designed test rig could simulate the compensation conditions that met the actual requirements, and the compensation efficiency was 93.14% on the maximum compensation condition，which demonstrated its favorable testing capability. Moreover, The research results provide a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for the study of the semi-active crane heave compensation technology.