西南山区大型水电工程库岸滑坡InSAR早期识别与监测研究进展

我国西南山区大型水电工程大量建设于金沙江、澜沧江、雅砻江流域,但是这些流域复杂的地层、岩性、构造、水文等地质条件导致水电工程库岸滑坡灾害分布广泛,多发频发。合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术凭借其覆盖范围广、监测精度高、不受云雾遮挡等特点为水电工程库岸滑坡早期识别与监测带来了新的机遇,在近年来得到水电工程建设及库岸地质灾害防治相关领域的极大重视。基于此,对西南山区大型水电工程库岸滑坡InSAR早期识别与监测的应用概况进行了梳理,从研究时间、研究内容、研究对象等多角度进行了分析; 对水电工程库岸滑坡InSAR早期识别与监测技术的研究现状、研究热点进行了归纳与总结,揭示了以白鹤滩水电站为里程碑,水电工程库岸滑坡早期识别与监测目前已开始进入InSAR技术应用与研究的爆发阶段; 最后,探讨了水电工程全生命周期(蓄水前阶段、蓄水阶段、蓄水后阶段)对InSAR技术的不同应用需求与算法适用性。随着SAR数据质量提升与算法进步,InSAR技术必将常规化地参与到水电工程全生命周期库岸滑坡的识别与监测工作中,为水电工程库岸滑坡的早期识别、监测预警、触发机理研究及灾害防治等提供重要支撑,提升我国水电工程库岸滑坡地质灾害防治能力。

Review on InSAR Early Identification and Monitoring of Reservoir Landslides for Large Hydropower Engineering Projects in Southwest Mountainous Area of China

Lots of large hydropower engineering projects have been built in Jinsha River, Lancang River and Yalong River basins in the southwest mountainous areas of China. But the complicated stratum, lithology, structure, hydrology and other geological conditions of these river basins cause widespread, large number and high frequency of reservoir landslide for large hydropower engineering projects. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry(InSAR)technology with the advantages of wide coverage, high monitoring accuracy, and unblocked by clouds, brings new opportunities for early identification and monitoring of reservoir landslide. Especially in recent years, great attention has been paid to the construction of hydropower engineering projects and the reservoir geohazard prevention. The application of InSAR early identification and monitoring of reservoir landslide for large hydropower engineering projects in southwest mountainous area of China was sorted out, and the overall change analysis was carried out from the perspectives of research time, research content and research object. By summarizing the research status and hotspots of InSAR early identification and monitoring of reservoir landslides in southwest mountainous area, it is revealed that Baihetan hydropower engineering project is a milestone and nowadays has entered the outbreak stage of InSAR technology application and research on reservoir landslide. Meanwhile, the different application requirements of InSAR technology and the applicability of InSAR algorithm in the whole life cycle of hydropower engineering project(including the stage before impoundment, impoundment stage and the stage after impoundment)were discussed. In future, with the improvement of SAR data quality and algorithm, InSAR technology will be routinely involved in the identification and monitoring of reservoir landslides throughout the life cycle of hydropower engineering projects. It can provide important support for the early identification, monitoring and early warning, and trigger mechanism research and geohazard prevention of reservoir landslide, so as to enhance the ability of the reservoir geohazard prevention in China.