大藤峡船闸关键水力学问题研究

大藤峡船闸闸室有效尺寸为280 m×34 m,最高通航水头为40.25 m,是世界上首个水头超过40 m的大型超高水头单级船闸。单级船闸的特性以及闸室规模、工作水头和输水时间要求决定了其单次输水水体、输水最大流量以及进入闸室的能量,超过闸室尺度相近的三峡多级船闸,借鉴三峡船闸输水系统体型的初设方案闸室内船舶停泊条件问题突出。为此开展了1∶30比尺船闸整体模型试验,结合减压及局部模型试验与数模计算,通过输水系统体型创新、输水系统阻力及阻力分配调整和阀门运行方式优选,解决了大藤峡船闸闸室内船舶停泊条件及输水系统水流空化等关键水力学问题。研究获得的新型自分流全闸室出水输水系统布置型式,很好地解决了闸室高效输水和船舶停泊安全问题,显著拓展了等惯性输水系统对水头的适应性,其成果可供超高水头大型船闸设计借鉴。

Hydraulic Key Issues in the Ship Lock of Datengxia Hydropower Project

The ship lock of Datengxia hydraulic junction is the first single-stage ship lock with a water head over 40 m in the world and an effective chamber size of 280 m×34 m. Due to the features of single-stage ship lock and the chamber size, working head and conveyance time of the Datengxia ship lock, the conveyance water body, the maximum discharge and energy into the chamber are larger than those of the multi-stage ship lock in the Three Gorges Dam. In the original design, obvious problems of ship berthing in the chamber and cavitation in the valve segment were resulted from the high head, large chamber size, and high requirements for hydraulic indexes. In view of this, the layout pattern of conveyance system and the operation mode of valves were optimized through integral model test (1∶30) in association with pressure reduction test, local model test and mathematical calculation. The problems of ship berthing in the chamber and cavitation in the valve segment are addressed.