北京市部分离退休人员营养状况调查

目的:通过使用微型营养评价简表(Mini Nutritional Short-Form,MNA-SF)评估离退休老年人的营养状况,探讨影响北京市离退休老年人营养状况的主要因素。方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷并结合MNA-SF量表,对到北京小汤山医院体检中心进行体检的60岁及以上老年人251例,进行营养状况及相关饮食调查。结果:调查对象的平均年龄(74.33±7.73)岁,MNA-SF的平均得分为12.17±1.91,营养不良占调查人数的17.9%,营养状况良好者占82.1%;BMI<18.5kg/m2为4.4%,18.5kg/m2≤BMI≤23.9kg/m2的为35.1%,BMI≥24kg/m2即超重、肥胖的人数达到60.5%;同时结果显示,不同性别、不同年龄组的MNA-SF得分具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。MNA-SF与BMI分级后的Spearman等级相关系数为0.346(P=0.000<0.01),具有显著的相关性;有关饮食调查的结果显示,有69.7%老年人膳食口味是清淡的,23.9%偏咸,6.4%属于偏甜、辣或其他,食用鱼类的频率每周<2次的人数占71.7%,而每周≥2次的人数占28.3%。结论:离退休老年人超重/肥胖的问题较为严重,女性离退休老年人的营养状况较男性差,随着年龄的增高,营养不良的风险有上升趋势,故应在未进入老年前期人群中加强营养健康教育和提出干预措施,来应对人口老龄化。绝大多数老年人饮食口味较清淡,但每周食用鱼类的频次偏低。

Survey on Nutritional Status of the Retired People in Beijing City

[Objective]To assess nutritional status of retired elders and understand the nutritional status and risk factors of retired elders in Beijing by using Mini Nutritional Short-Form（MNA-SF）.[Method] Totally 251 cases of the elderly aged 60 and above who underwent physical examination in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital were investigated by MNA-SF scales and questionnaires to survey their nutritional status and related eating habits.[Result] The mean age of respondents was 74.33 ± 7.73 years.The average score of MNA-SF was 12.17 ± 1.91.Totally 17.9% of the subjects were malnutrition,82.1% were in good nutritional condition.Of the subjects,4.4% were low birth weight（BMI 18.5kg / m2）,35.1% were normal weight（18.5kg/m2≤BMI≤23.9kg/m2）,60.5% were overweight and obesity（BMI≥ 24kg /m2）.Significant differences were found in MNA-SF scores by gender and age（P 0.05）.Spearman rank correlation coefficient of MNA-SF and BMI was 0.346（P = 0.000 0.01）,the relevance was significant.[Result] The diet survey indicated that 69.7% of the elderly were light,23.9% were salt,6.4% were sweet,spicy,or other.Of all,71.7% ate fish less than twice per week,only 28.3% ate fish twice or more times weekly.[Conclusion] Overweight / obesity issue was more severe among the retired elderly.Nutritional status of retired women was more severe than their male counterparts.As age increased,risk of malnutrition was on an upward trend.Thus,health education should be carried out to improve nutritional status of elderly people to deal with population aging.Most of the elderly people＇s taste was light,but the frequency of consumption of fish weekly was low.