乳母膳食营养素摄入量与母乳渗透压的关系研究

目的：了解产后不同阶段母乳渗透压的变化及其与乳母膳食营养素摄入状况的关系。方法：对北京市顺义区的120例哺乳妇女进行问卷调查和膳食调查，计算每日膳食营养素摄入量，采用STY-2型渗透压摩尔浓度测定仪检测所收集母乳样品的渗透压，采用单因素方差分析比较产后4个阶段母乳渗透压的差异，采用多元回归分析分析乳母膳食营养素摄入情况与母乳渗透压的关系。结果：产后5d、10d、50d乳母三大营养素中蛋白质和脂肪的摄入量占总能量的比例偏高，而碳水化合物的摄入摄入量占总能量的比例偏低，多数矿物质和维生素的摄入量有不同程度的缺乏；膳食钾、铁、叶酸摄入量与渗透压呈正相关关系（P〈0．05），而维生素B2、维生素C、维生素E、硒、锰摄入量与渗透压呈负相关关系（P〈0．05）。结论：乳母膳食营养素摄入量与母乳渗透压之间存在统计学相关性，但尚需进一步研究和讨论。

Relationship Between Dietary Nutrients Intakes of Nursing Women and Osmotic Pressure in Breast Milk

Objective] To study the relationship between dietary nutrients intakes of nursing women and osmotic pressure in breast milk at different postpartum periods. Method] A total of 120 nursing women in Beijing Shunyi district were recruited, then the questionnaire survey, 24h dietary recall and osmotic pressure detection in breast milk were conducted. The dietary recall forms were translated into nutrients intakes. A one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） test was used to compare the differences on the osmotic pressure in breast milk among 4 postpartum periods. The relationship between nutrients intake and osmotic pressure in breast milk was discerned by Multiple Linear Regression. Result] Dietary protein and fat intakes accounted for a high proportion of total energy while carbohydrate intakes accounted for a low proportion of total energy on 5,7 and 30d after delivery. Most micronutrients intakes were insufficient to varying degrees. K, Fe, folic acid were positively correlated with osmotic pressure in breast milk. Vitamin Be, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Se and Mn were negatively correlated with osmotic pressure in breast milk. Conclusion] Statistical correlation existed between dietary nutrients intakes of nursing women and osmotic pressure in breast milk and further investigation and discussion were needed.