Effect of material damage on forming limits of voided anisotropic sheet metals

Most failures of ductile materials in metal-forming processes occur due to material damage evolution (void nucleation, growth, and coalescence). The current article examines the modified yield function of Liao et al., in conjunction with Hosford’s yield criterion, to clarify the plastic-deformation characteristic of voided anisotropic sheet metals. As such, the void growth of an anisotropic sheet under biaxial tensile loading and the damage effect of void growth on the forming limits of sheet metals are investigated. Plus, the process length defining the neck geometry is included in the Marciniak and Kuczynski (M-K) model to incorporate the effect of triaxial stress in a necked region on the forming limits. The predicted forming limits were compared with experimental data, and a satisfactory agreement was obtained.