New Voltammetry-Based Analytical Method for Indirect Determination of Procymidone in Brazilian Apples |
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Authors: | Ana Carolina da Costa Fulgêncio Adelir Aparecida Saczk Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira Leonardo Luiz Okumura |
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Affiliation: | 1. Federal University of Vi?osa—UFV, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2. Federal University of Lavras—UFLA, 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3. Department of Chemistry—FFCLRP, University of S?o Paulo, 14040-901, S?o Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract: | Procymidone, a potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic pesticide, can contribute to environmental and human contamination when applied to apple crops. In this work, we propose a reliable and sensitive method to determine procymidone in Brazilian apples. The method involves differential pulse (DPV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques on a glassy carbon electrode. In a supporting electrolyte solution of 0.5 mol?L?1 NaOH, procymidone undergoes an irreversible one-electron oxidation at +1.42 V by cyclic voltammetric vs. Ag|AgCl, KCl 3 M reference electrode. The proposed DPV and SWV methods have a good linear response in the 8.00–20.0 mg?L?1 range, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.678 and 0.228 mg?L?1, respectively, in the absence of the matrix. We obtained improved LOD (0.097 mg?L?1) in the presence of apple matrix and the supporting electrolyte solution. We used three commercial apple samples to evaluate recovery, and we achieved recovery percentages ranging from 94.6 to 110 % for procymidone determinations. We also tested the proposed voltammetric method for reproducibility, repeatability, and potential interferents, and the results were satisfactory for electroanalytical purposes. |
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