自主调节跟踪的太阳能装置及控制方法

针对太阳能装置工作日阳光和电池板成角难保持垂直,光伏发电效率低的问题,推出了一种可以保持阳光和电池板垂直以提高光伏发电效率的自动跟踪控制系统,给出了相关控制策略及调节算法。该控制系统以AT89C51单片机为核心,依据环境条件自主判断是否满足开机运行要求,如条件满足,则根据当日的日照时间,控制时段,分别由两组步进电机及驱动机构调节太阳能装置的高度角和方位角,实现全天自动跟踪分时调节控制,使电池板和太阳光保持垂直角度,以获取最好效率。天气条件不满足运行要求时,如下雨或光照度不足,装置会自动停机;若遇刮风且风力可能对太阳能装置造成损害,为避免不必要的外力损坏,装置会自动改变姿态。试验结果证明:该系统安装方便、初投资和运行成本低,可靠性好;和固定安装的光伏系统相比,其光电转换效率明显提高。

Self-regulating solar tracking device and its control method

In order to solve the problems of low photovoltaic power generation efficiency for that the angle of sun and solar panels is difficult to maintain the vertical, an automatic tracking which could maintain the vertical of the sun and solar panels to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic was designed. The control strategy and adjustment algorithm of the system were preseuted. The control system has single-chip microcomputer AT89C51 as the core, and can judge independently whether meet the boot operation conditions according to environmental conditions. If the conditions are satisfied, according to the duration of sunshine and the control periods, the solar elevation angle and azimuth angle are regulated by two groups of stepping motors and driving mechanism respectively, thus making the implementation of the time-division automatic tracking regulation control all day, which makes the panels and sunlight keeping the vertical angle, to obtain the best efficiency. If the weather conditions do not meet the requirements, for example, mechanism will shut down automatically when it rains or the illuminance is insufficient, and automatical change of the attitude could avoid unnecessary outside force damage when the wind may cause damage. The experimental results show that the system has the advantages of convenient installation, low initial investment and operating costs, and good reliability. Compared to the fixed installation of photovoltaic system,the photovohaic conversion efficiency of the system is significantly improved.