食品中氯丙醇脂肪酸酯风险及应对措施概述

氯丙醇酯作为食品中的一类新型污染物，得到世界各国和地区的广泛关注和研究。氯丙醇酯类物质种类繁多，其反应机制、毒理学和代谢转化研究尚不成系统，目前研究表明氯丙醇酯类物质具有一定的肾脏、生殖毒性及潜在的致癌性。国内外对氯丙醇酯的检测方法、污染水平和暴露评估等研究主要集中在3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇酯，且主要集中在婴儿配方奶粉、油炸和烘焙食品等脂肪含量较高的食品上。通过研究发现，普通消费者从日常饮食中摄入氯丙醇酯类物质一般是无风险的，但对于一些年轻群体和仅食用配方奶粉的婴幼儿来说风险较高。国内外已相继开展了对氯丙醇酯的研究和监控，以减少食品中氯丙醇酯类物质污染水平。目前只有欧盟制定了3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯在部分食用油和婴幼儿配方食品中的限量要求，仅国际食品法典委员会制定了植物油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯的控制规范，来降低氯丙醇酯的风险。鉴于此，本文主要对氯丙醇酯形成机制、代谢、毒性、国内外食品中氯丙醇酯的污染水平、风险评估研究进展及其管理控制措施等方面进行了简要概述，以期为食品安全监管提供参考。

Review on risk and countermeasures of chloropropanol esters in foodstuffs

As a new type of food pollutant, chloropropanol esters has drawn more and more attention and has been studied all over the world. There are many kinds of chloropropanol esters, but their reaction mechanism, toxicology and metabolic transformation have not been studied systematically. At present, the research shows that chloropropanol esters have certain renal, reproductive toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Now studies on the detection methods, pollution levels and exposure assessment of chloropropanol esters mainly focus on 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid ester and 2-chloropropane-1,3-diol fatty acid ester, and mainly concentrated in infant formula, fried and baked goods and other foods with high fat content. Dietary exposure to chloropropanol esters was found to be risk-free for the average consumer, but higher for some younger age groups, infants and young children who consumed only formula. In order to reduce the contamination level of chloropropanol esters in food, the research and monitoring of chloropropanol esters have been carried out at home and abroad. At present, only the European Union has set limits for 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters in some edible oils and formula foods, and only the Codex Alimentarius (CAC) has set the control standard for 3-MCPD ester in vegetable oils to reduce the risk. Considering this, in this paper, the formation mechanism, metabolism, toxicity, content of chloropropanol ester in food at home and abroad, risk assessment research progress and management and control measures of chloropropanol esters were briefly summarized, in order to provide reference for food safety supervision.