Prediction of the effects of surface-active elements on gas-liquid metal kinetics

Equations have been developed for calculating the fraction of free surface, 1-θ_T, when two or more surface-active elements (S, O,Se,etc.) are present in liquid iron or its alloys. It is shown that equations of the form k =A Vl-θ_T -B well describe the essentially linear plots which represent the variation of rate constant k with concentration of surface-active elements in more than 30 researches on absorption and desorption of nitrogen in stirred liquid iron and its alloys. To normalize the effect of variation in metallodynamic properties from researcher to researcher, a second relation has been developedwhich describes a dimensionless rate constant for nitrogen k _N ^F (with range0 to 1) given by k _N ^F = CVl-θ_T-D, where C and D are small constants. The relation k _N ^F = 1.19 Vl-θ_T-0.19 is a fair representation of the absorption and desorption behaviors in the 1550 ° to 1600 ° range for all the many iron and iron alloy cases examined. Although these two relations are largely empirical they and the simple linear graphs involved provide potentially valuable new methods of rate prediction. There is some evidence that the behavior of hydrogen with liquid Fe, Cu, and Ni is analogous.