元宇宙技术综述

元宇宙作为一个新兴的概念受到了产业界、学术界、媒体界及公众的广泛关注，国内外众多公司也纷纷在“元宇宙”领域布局，但布局的背后离不开强大的技术支持。本文从技术维度深入剖析元宇宙。首先，从科学与技术的角度论述元宇宙的概念及内涵，并总结了目前从业者、专家以及学者对元宇宙的不同见解。其次，概述了元宇宙相关关键技术，包括网络及运算技术（5G、6G、物联网、云计算、雾计算及边缘计算）、管理技术（能耗管理、资源管理、会话管理及时空一致性管理）、虚实对象连接、建模与管理技术（X联网、身份建模、社会计算、去中心化管理技术）、虚实空间交互与融合技术（拓展现实、电子游戏技术、脑机接口技术）等。元宇宙不宜称为新技术，而是IT新技术的综合运用。技术的进步与发展，将为元宇宙的实现和应用奠定坚实的基础，同时元宇宙的发展也会促进现有技术的升级换代。最后，展望了元宇宙发展面临的诸多挑战，以清晰认识、理智决策、稳步探索元宇宙。 

A survey of metaverse technology

As an emerging concept, metaverse has attracted extensive attention from industry, academia, media, and the public, prompting many companies worldwide about its layout. However, the layout is inseparable from strong technical support. In the early developmental stage of the metaverse, its technology is the core foundation. The development and innovation of technology are the top priority. This paper dived into the metaverse from the technical view. First, the paper discussed the metaverse’s concept and connotation from the perspective of science and technology and summarized the opinions of practitioners, experts, and scholars about it. Second, it outlined the key technologies of the metaverse, including network and operating technology (5G, 6G, Internet of things, cloud computing, fog computing, and edge computing); management technology (energy consumption, resource, session, and spatiotemporal consistency managements); virtual real object connection, modeling and management technology (Internet of X, identity modeling, social computing, and decentralized management); and virtual real space interaction and fusion technology (extend reality, video game, and brain–computer interface). The metaverse is not a novel technology but an all-inclusive internet application. The progress and development of technology play a solid foundation for realizing and applying the metaverse. At the same time, metaverse development also promotes upgrading existing technologies to drive the product, scenario, and application innovation. Finally, this paper looked into many challenges facing metaverse development. Metaverse enables the connection and integration of the real and virtual worlds. It may become a novel form of social development and change people’s way of life. Meanwhile, the growth of the metaverse concept, its development speed, ultimate form, and even its impact on philosophy, culture, society, and economic governance, as well as human beings, are unknown. By implementing a metaverse prototype, the enabling economy will also be of major interest. Moreover, the government adheres to policy guidelines to enable the real economy with technology, which will still apply in the metaverse era. No matter what trend we are in, we should have a clear understanding, make rational decisions, and steadily explore the metaverse!