温度示踪界面水文过程研究进展及发展趋势

界面水文过程涉及不同圈层间物质循环与能量交换,是区域资源-生态-环境保护的关键环节。温度示踪工具具有成本低、易操作、无污染等优点,能够有效示踪水文过程,但界面能量交换机理复杂、影响因素多,温度示踪界面水文过程是研究的重难点。综述了降水—土壤水—地下水、地表水—地下水和地下水—海水界面水文过程的水热运移机理、温度示踪方法和应用案例,提出今后研究发展趋势:研究应充分考虑温度示踪界面水文过程的尺度效应;温度示踪方法计算结果具有一定不确定性,需多手段进行验证;引入新型温度监测技术,解决界面能量变化的大范围、长时间精准监测是提高示踪结果准确度的有效手段;构建适用于不同尺度、不同类型的多维水热运移模型是今后研究的重点方向。

Interfacial Hydrological Process of Heat Tracing:Research Progresses and Development Trends

As an important link among regional resources, ecology and environment protection, interfacial hydrological process involves material circulation and energy exchange among different circles. Heat tracing of interfacial hydrological process is the focus and difficulty in future research due to the complex and widely-affected energy exchange process, notwithstanding its effectiveness in tracing hydrological process due to its low cost, easy operation and no pollution. In the present research, we made a review on the water and heat transport mechanism, heat tracing techniques, and typical heat tracing applications in the hydrological processes of rainfall-soil-groundwater, surface water-groundwater, as well as groundwater-sea water interfaces, and present the development trends in future: 1) scale effect in the interfacial hydrological process of heat tracing should be considered;2) multiple approaches are required to verify the uncertain heat tracing results; 3) novel temperature monitoring technique to monitoring large-scale and long-term interfacial energy change could be an effective means to improve the accuracy of results; 4) multi-dimensional water and heat transfer model suitable for different scales and types is the key direction of future research.