地下空间工程服役安全的认识与思考

中国的地下空间工程规模越来越大。如何使地下空间工程在开挖、建造和服役期间最大限度的保持安全和稳定，是目前乃至将来必须重视的重要课题。在分析地下空间工程面临的主要问题的基础上，提出了地下空间工程服役安全的3个关键科学问题:多场耦合作用下结构体材料损伤劣化规律；循环动载作用下结构体的动态疲劳损伤特性；支护与围岩的相互作用。总结和评述了在此方面的相关研究工作和最新进展。最后从宏观上指出了地下空间工程未来的发展趋势和需要重点关注和加强的基础性研究工作。 

Understanding and considering service safety in underground space engineering

With the increasing scale of underground space projects in China, the types of underground space development and utilization are characterized by diversification, deepening, and complexity. Moreover, many underground space projects have been transferred from the construction stage to the long-term, safe, and stable operation stage. At present, and even in the future, how to maintain the safety and stability of underground space engineering during excavation, construction, and service is an important topic that must be considered. Based on the analysis of the complex geological conditions faced by underground space engineering, the influence of construction quality on service safety, deterioration of structural performance caused by environmental factors and sudden disasters, and extensive development of underground space, this study identified three key scientific problems of service safety in underground space engineering, namely, the law of damage and deterioration of structural materials under multi-field coupling, dynamic fatigue damage characteristics of structures under cyclic dynamic load, and interaction between support and surrounding rock. This study summarized and commented on the failure process of rock and concrete in special environments, dynamic mechanical properties of rock and concrete under dynamic load, damage test and evaluation method of rock mass under explosion load, rock and concrete fatigue, surrounding rock stability analysis, support mechanism of underground space engineering, and other related research work and latest progress. Finally, this study specified the future development trend of this subject and the basic research work that needs to be focused on and strengthened, that is, developing new green building materials for underground space engineering, establishing a new support design theory, conducting underground space service safety research based on artificial intelligence, and building a full life-cycle underground space service risk analysis, prevention and control system, so as to provide scientific ideas and feasible methods to ensure the service safety of urban underground space engineering.