公共建筑能耗影响因素与调研分析

从建筑本体、地域、设备、行为等方面总结公共建筑能耗的影响因素。以东营市50栋公共建筑为调研对象,对被调研建筑分项能耗(空调能耗、照明能耗、设备能耗、其他能耗)占比进行箱线图分析。对4类影响因素(外墙保温、空调系统冷源形式、外窗类型、空调设置温度)对建筑能耗的影响进行箱线图分析。对于分项能耗占比:空调能耗占比波动幅度比较大,绝大部分被调研建筑的空调能耗处在较高水平,对空调系统的节能优化是降低建筑能耗的重点。照明能耗占比波动幅度比较小,虽然被调研建筑的照明能耗节能潜力有限,但仍有空间。设备能耗占比波动幅度比较大,且有较大节能潜力。其他能耗占比与照明能耗占比相似。对于影响因素:无外墙保温公共建筑的单位建筑面积能耗波动幅度更大,且单位建筑面积能耗平均水平更高。采用分体式空调器的公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗波动幅度最大,采用空气源热泵机组的公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗平均水平最高,压缩式冷水机组居中,分体式空调器最低。采用Low-E玻璃的公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗波动幅度最大,采用普通单层玻璃的公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗平均水平最高,双层中空玻璃居中,Low-E玻璃最低。空调设置温度小于26℃的公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗平均水平更高。

Influencing Factors of Energy Consumption of Public Buildings and Investigation Analysis

The influencing factors of energy consumption of public buildings are summarized from the aspects of building body, region, equipment and behavior. Taking 50 public buildings in Dongying City as the research object, the proportion of itemized energy consumption(air-conditioning energy consumption, lighting energy consumption, equipment energy consumption and other energy consumption) of the investigated buildings is analyzed by box plot. The influence of four kinds of influencing factors(external wall insulation, cold source form of air conditioning system, external window type and air conditioner setting temperature) on building energy consumption is carried out by box plot analysis. For the proportion of itemized energy consumption: the proportion of air-conditioning energy consumption fluctuates greatly,and the air-conditioning energy consumption of most of the investigated buildings is at a relatively high level. Energy-saving optimization of the airconditioning system is the key of reducing building energy consumption. The proportion of lighting energy consumption fluctuates slightly. Although the energysaving potential of lighting energy consumption of the investigated buildings is limited,there is still room.The proportion of equipment energy consumption fluctuates greatly,and it has great energy saving potential.The proportion of other energy consumption is similar to the proportion of lighting energy consumption. For influencing factors: the energy consumption per unit floor area of public buildings without external wall insulation fluctuates more greatly,and the average level of energy consumption per unit building area is higher. The energy consumption per unit floor area of public buildings with split air conditioners has the largest fluctuation.The average level of energy consumption per unit floor area of public buildings with air source heat pump units is the highest,compression chillers are in the middle,and split air conditioners are the lowest. The energy consumption per unit floor area of public buildings with Low-E glass has the largest fluctuation. The average level of energy consumption per unit building area of public buildings with ordinary single-layer glass is the highest,double-layer insulating glass is in the middle,and Low-E glass is the lowest. The average level of energy consumption per unit floor area of public buildings with air-conditioner setting temperature of less than 26℃ is higher.