含ADN或TKX-50的叠氮高能固体推进剂能量特性分析

利用最小自由能法研究了叠氮类［如聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、3,3’-双叠氮甲基氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)、聚3-甲基-3-叠氮甲基环氧丁烷(PAMMO）］高能固体推进剂的能量特性参数，重点研究了二硝酰胺铵(ADN)和5,5’-联四唑-1,1’-二氧二羟铵(TKX-50)在不同固体填料配比下对推进剂能量特性的影响规律。结果表明:在高固含量的叠氮推进剂中，用ADN取代高氯酸铵(AP)，由于燃烧产物平均相对分子量降低，推进剂比冲提高；叠氮类推进剂能量由大到小为GAP、PBT、PAMMO；TKX-50用于叠氮类高能固体推进剂中，由于体系内的负氧平衡问题，TKX-50与奥克托今(HMX)、AP或ADN间存在能量的最优配比。用TKX-50完全取代HMX时，ADN/TKX-50/Al推进剂的理论比冲为2 790.6 N?s/kg，比ADN/HMX/Al推进剂的理论比冲增加了30.7 N?s/kg。

Analysis of Energy Characteristics of Azide-based Solid Propellants Containing ADN or TKX-50

The minimum free energy method was used to study the effects of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and dihydroxylammonium 5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate (TKX-50), when serve as solid fillers, on energy characteristics of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), 3,3-bis(azidomethyl) oxybutylene-tetrahydrofuran (PBT), or 3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxetane homopolymer (PAMMO) based propellants. Calculated results indicate that the specific impulses are evidently enhanced due to the decreasing in average relative molecular mass of combustion products, in the case of the substitution of ADN for ammonium perchlorate (AP) in high solid content propellant. Energy characteristics order of azide-based propellants is GAP＞PBT＞PAMMO. Theoretical specific impulse for azide-based propellants containing TKX-50 present an optimal value of energy due to the negative oxygen balance in the formula. The impulse of ADN/TKX-50/Al formula propellant is 2 790.6 N?s/kg, 30.7 N?s/kg greater than that of the ADN/HMX/Al formula propellant.