硝铵炸药真空干燥工艺燃爆事故致灾因素的研究

真空干燥是硝铵炸药生产过程中一道容易发生燃爆事故的重要工序。为研究硝铵炸药真空干燥过程中发生燃爆事故的原因及机理,通过事故案例分析和现场调研,确定了导致燃爆事故的各个基本事件及其逻辑关系,并由此构建以燃爆事故作为顶事件的事故树。采用布尔代数化简事故树,得到87个最小割集和9个最小径集,结果显示每个最小径集包含的基本事件都较多,说明真空干燥工艺安全性较低。通过计算各基本事件的结构重要度并排序,得到结构重要度较大的基本事件,由此推断出导致燃爆事故的主要基本事件,并有针对性地提出相应的改进措施与建议,为企业的安全生产提供参考。

Study on the Blast Accident Causing Factors in Vacuum Drying Process of Ammonium Nitrate Explosives

The vacuum drying is an important process in the production of ammonium nitrate explosives, while it is prone to blast during process. In order to study the causes and mechanisms of the blast accident in the vacuum drying process, this paper determines the basic events and their logical relationships through past cases analysis and onsite investigation, then a fault tree with the blast accident as the top event was developed. Via simplifying the fault tree by Boolean algebra, and 87 minimal cut sets and 9 minimal path sets are obtained. The results show that each minimal path set contains a relatively large number of basic events, indicating its inherent safety the vacuum drying process. Calculating the structure importance of each basic event and sorting to obtain the basic events with large structural importance, which represent the main events leading to the blast accident, and the corresponding rectification measures are proposed in a targeted manner to provide reference for the safe production of enterprises.